Employee Resilience and Performance: Examining Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediator Through the Lens of Islamic Work Ethics

Abstract

Organizations operating in dynamic and demanding environments require employees who can adapt to workplace pressures while voluntarily contributing beyond their formal roles. Employee resilience is a critical individual capacity that sustains constructive behavior under stress; however, the mechanism linking resilience to organizational performance remains underexplored, particularly through employees' discretionary social behaviors. This study examines the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the relationship between employee resilience and employee performance, while positioning OCB as a manifestation of Islamic Work Ethics in organizational settings. A quantitative explanatory design was employed, with data collected from 225 employees at PT Beton Prima Indonesia and analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results reveal that employee resilience significantly and positively affects both OCB and employee performance, while OCB significantly enhances performance and partially mediates the resilience–performance relationship. These findings suggest that resilient employees are more inclined to engage in voluntary behaviors, including assisting colleagues and supporting organizational objectives. Viewed through Islamic Work Ethics, such behaviors embody the values of amanah (accountability), ta'awun (cooperation), and ihsan (excellence), portraying work as both an economic and social-moral obligation. This study extends organizational behavior literature by framing OCB as an observable expression of ethical workplace values, bridging human resource management and Islamic ethical principles.