ANALISIS GEOPOLITIK TERHADAP PERANG PROKSI ARAB SAUDI-IRAN SEBAGAI BENTUK PERGOLAKAN KAWASAN TIMUR TENGAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15642/jiir.2020.5.2.114-127Keywords:
Perang Proksi, Arab Saudi, Iran, Timur TengahAbstract
This paper seeks to explain how the situation in the Middle East conflict has not yet reached its final phase. Iran and Saudi Arabia became key actors in the various upheavals that occurred in the Middle East region. Both of them compete with each other to achieve their national interests. This condition is considered as the source of a number of conflicts in the Middle East involving allied countries. Nonetheless, basically the political competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran continues to increase. Allied countries that are on the side of Iran and Saudi Arabia are considered to have certain goals and interests in this situation. This paper also analyzes the occurrence of this proxy war from the perspective of geopolitical studies. This paper also focuses on the strategies used by each country in maintaining interests in the region which are also the cause of upheaval in the Middle East region. The author believes that both Iran and Saudi Arabia are making mutual efforts in terms of balance of power to achieve regional hegemony.Downloads
References
Abbas, Hassan. “Shiism and Sectarian Conflict in Pakistan: Identity Politics, Iranian Influence, and Tit-for-Tat Violence.” Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point, 2010. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05604.
Amin, Abu. “Crisis in Yemen and Countering Violence.” Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses 7, no. 7 (2015): 18–22.
Atlantic Council. “Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations: The Energy Angle,” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/ menasource/kuwaiti-iranian-relations-the-energy-angle/.
Brito, Dagobert, dan Amy Myers Jaffe. “REDUCING VULNERABILITY OF THE STRAIT OF HORMUZ.” GETTING READY FOR A NUCLEAR-READY IRAN. Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College, 2005. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep12040.12
Clark, William R., Professor of Immunology William R. Clark Ana, dan William R. Clark. Petrodollar Warfare: Oil, Iraq and the Future of the Dollar. Vancouver: New Society Publishers, 2005.
Darwich, May. “The Saudi Intervention in Yemen: Struggling for Status.” Insight Turkey 20, no. 2 (2018): 125–42.
“Donald Trump to announce $350bn arms deal with Saudi Arabia – one of the largest in history | The Independent.” https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-saudi-arabia-arms-deal-sale-arab-nato-gulf-states-a7741836.html.
Ekşi, Muharrem. “Regional Hegemony Quests in the Middle East from the Balance of Power System to the Balance of Proxy Wars: Turkey as Balancing Power for the Iran - Saudi Rivalry.” Gazi Akademik Bakış, 14 Desember 2017, 133–56. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.379597.
Gause, F. Gregory. “The Future of U.S.-Saudi Relations: The Kingdom and the Power.” Foreign Affairs 95, no. 4 (2016): 114–26.
Geranmayeh, Ellie, dan Kadri Liik. “THE NEW POWER COUPLE: RUSSIA AND IRAN IN THE MIDDLE EAST.” European Council on Foreign Relations, 2016. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/resrep21586.
Glassé, Cyril. The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Maryland: Rowman Altamira, 2003.
Gold, Dore. Hatred’s Kingdom: How Saudi Arabia Supports the New Global Terrorism. Simon and Schuster, 2012.
Hiro, Dilip. Cold War in the Islamic World: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Struggle for Supremacy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
“International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).” https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=&i=none&vo=value&&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvvvvvs&s=63072000000&e=1483228800000.
“Iran and Russia Negotiating $10 Billion Arms Deal – The Diplomat.”. https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/iran-and-russia-negotiating-10-billion-arms-deal/.
Juneau, Thomas. “Iran’s policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A limited return on a modest investment.” International Affairs 92 (1 Mei 2016): 647–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12599.
Litvak, Meir. “Iran and Saudi Arabia: Religious and Strategic Rivalry.” Saudi Arabia, the Gulf, and the New Regional Landscape. Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, 2017. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep04754.10.
Malakoutikhah, Zeynab. “Iran: Sponsoring or Combating Terrorism?” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 0, no. 0 (10 September 2018): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1506560.
Mearsheimer, John J. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (Updated Edition). New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003.
NATO Review. “The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative at 15,” https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2019/12/16/the-istanbul-cooperation-initiative-at-15/index.html.
“Oil Jumps Nearly 15% in Record Trading after Attack on Saudi Facilities.” Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-oil-idUSKBN1W00UG.
Ottaway, David. “The King and Us: U.S.-Saudi Relations in the Wake of 9/11.” Foreign Affairs 88, no. 3 (2009): 121–31.
Parker, Claire, “Analysis | Iran Has Invested in Allies and Proxies across the Middle East. Here’s Where They Stand after Soleimani’s Death.” Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/.
Raouf, Huda. “Iranian quest for regional hegemony: motivations, strategies and constrains.” Review of Economics and Political Science 4, no. 3 (1 Januari 2019): 242–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/REPS-02-2019-0017.
RT International. “Russia Confirms Sale of S-400 Missile Systems to Saudi Arabia.” 2020. https://www.rt.com/business/406116-russia-saudi-arabia-s400-delivery/.
Saab, Bilal Y. “Saudi Arabia’s Military Strategy.” Beyond the proxy powder keg: Middle East Institute, 2018. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/resrep19957.10.
Schubert, Julia. Hegemonic Stability Theory: The Rise and Fall of the US-Leadership in World Economic Relations. Munich: GRIN Verlag, 2004.
Spillius, Alex. “Wikileaks: Saudis ‘Chief Funders of al-Qaeda,’” 5 Desember 2010, bag. World. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/wikileaks/ 8182847/Wikileaks-Saudis-chief-funders-of-al-Qaeda.html.
“Syrian Army Source: Rebels Make Heavy Use of TOW Missiles.” Reuters, 25 November 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-arms-idUSKBN0TE1KJ20151125.
The Military Balance. International Institute of Strategic Studies, 2019.
“U.S. Blames Iran for Attack on Saudi Oil Facilities - WSJ.” https://www.wsj.com/articles/drone-strikes-spark-fires-at-saudi-oil-facilities-11568443375.
Wallin, Matthew. “U.S. Military Bases and Facilities in the Middle East.” American Security Project, Juni 2018. https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Ref-0213-US-Military-Bases-and-Facilities-Middle-East.pdf.
Waltz, Kenneth N. Theory of International Politics. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1979.
Young, William, David Stebbins, Bryan A. Frederick, dan Omar Al-Shahery. “Spillover of the Syrian Conflict into Turkey.” Dalam Spillover from the Conflict in Syria, 15–24. An Assessment of the Factors that Aid and Impede the Spread of Violence. RAND Corporation, 2014. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/j.ctt1287mhx.10.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Integrative International Relations
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
